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Acute diesel exhaust particle exposure increases viral titre associated with influenza but does not exacerbate inflammation or deficits in lung function
Introduction: Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) make up the bulk of particulate matter in urban areas. High ambient levels of particulate matter are associated with increased hospitalization due to respiratory disease. We aimed to determine if exposure to DEP exacerbates responses to acute viral infection.
Methods: Adult female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 100 μg DEP or control 3.75 days after infection with 104.5 plaque forming units (pfu) of infl uenza A/Mem71 (or control). Six hours after DEP inoculation, lung volume (TGV) and lung mechanics were measured by plethysmography and the forced oscillation technique, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid was collected to assess cellular infl ammation and cytokine levels.
Results: Viral titre was signifi cantly higher in infl uenza-infected mice exposed to DEP compared to those exposed to infl uenza alone (p = 0.04). Both DEP (p = 0.03) and infl uenza infection (p < 0.001) alone signifi cantly increased cellular infl ammation; however, there was no difference between mice exposed to both DEP and infl uenza compared to those exposed to infl uenza alone (p = 0.42). A similar pattern was found in levels of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IFN-γ). Specific airway resistance, specific tissue damping, specifi c tissue elastance and hysteresivity were significantly increased in influenza infected mice (p < 0.001 in all cases). None of these parameters were influenced by DEP exposure alone (p > 0.33 in all cases) and there was no additive effect of DEP on lung function (p > 0.22 in all cases) in influenza-infected mice.
Conclusions
: DEP increases viral titre but is not sufficient to physiologically exacerbate pre-existing respiratory disease caused by infl uenza infection in mice.
History
Publication title
RespirologyVolume
16 (Suppl.1)Editors
P BardinPagination
43ISSN
1323-7799Department/School
Tasmanian School of MedicinePublisher
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing AsiaPlace of publication
AustraliaEvent title
TSANZ ASM 2011Event Venue
Perth, AustraliaDate of Event (Start Date)
2011-04-02Date of Event (End Date)
2011-04-06Repository Status
- Restricted