Classifying TQM benefits, practices and obstacles as perceived in Kuwait

The purpose of this study is to identify a universal classification system for TQM benefits, practices and obstacles, which can be used for further research across industry types, cultures and organizational functions. Furthermore, the study aims at identifying the perception of TQM benefits, practices and obstacles among practitioners in Kuwait.<p> </p> Based on a literature review, a universal classification system for TQM benefits, practices and obstacles has been identified. A number of 115 practitioners have been individually interviewed, and, their responses have been analyzed against the classification system derived from the literature review.<p> </p> It emerges that all responses matched one of the benefits, obstacles and practices of the classification system. The respondents perceived<i> quality of products and services </i>to be the most important benefit of TQM, <i>management system related practices </i>to be the most important practices of TQM, and<i> lack of employee involvement </i>to be the biggest obstacle to TQM.<p> </p> Presentation of these results enable practitioners to compare and contrast their own perception with that identified here. Identifying and acting on any differences has the potential to increase the effectiveness of the TQM approach within their own organizations.