Quantitative risk assessment of bunkering for an ammonia-fuelled oil tanker

Green ammonia is a promising alternative marine fuel to meet the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goal. Some shipowners are getting prepared for using ammonia as a fuel. However, the safety of ammonia bunkering is a key issue of concern to the industry. The paper proposes a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) methodology based on Bayesian networks (BN) to investigate the potential risks of ammonia bunkering for an oil tanker. The results showed that the toxicity has the greatest impact on the risks of ammonia bunkering operations.