Using discrete-event simulation to explore the impact of user behaviours on the effectiveness of a terminal appointment system

This paper analyses driver behaviours through a discrete event simulation model of a bulk cargo marine terminal. Specifically, punctuality and the proportion of appointed arrivals are examined for their impacts on truck flows and turnaround times at the terminal. Using empirical data from an Australian wood chip export marine terminal the simulation provides useful insights into the terminal’s contemporary experience with respect to truck congestion. The simulation results indicate that the proportion of appointed arrivals, used as a proxy for the appointment system use, can improve truck turnaround times primarily in the earlier stages of adoption. Greater truck arrival punctuality can also improve the effectiveness of the appointment system particularly as the system's adoption increases. Shifting the focus from enforcing punctuality towards ensuring use of the system, primarily in the early stages of system adoption, appears to deliver greater benefits for both terminal operators and transporters. Based on this work the terminal operator is now moving rapidly to procure and implement an electronic appointment system as part of its initiatives to mitigate truck congestion at the terminal.