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A comparative analysis of cytosolic Na+ changes under salinity between halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and glycophyte pea (Pisum sativum)

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-19, 09:47 authored by Sun, Y, Lindberg, S, Svetlana ShabalaSvetlana Shabala, Morgan, S, Sergey ShabalaSergey Shabala, Jacobsen, SE
Sodium (Na+) uptake into the halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plants was compared with the uptake into pea (Pisum sativum L.), and related to changes in cytosolic pH and potassium (K+) concentration in plant tissues. The total uptake of Na+ and K+ in roots and shoots was analyzed and compared with net ion fluxes at the root xylem parenchyma, determined by ion-specific microelectrodes in a non-invasive way. The cytosolic changes of Na+ concentration, [Na+cyt], and pH, pHcyt, were measured by fluorescent probes, specific to Na+ and H+, using a dual-wavelength fluorescence microscopy. These changes were monitored in protoplasts after cultivation with or without 100 mM NaCl, and after addition of NaCl to the protoplasts. Roots and shoots of quinoa controls contained much higher K+ levels than pea roots and shoots, and the K+ levels increased even more after salinity treatments in quinoa. The cytosolic uptake of Na+ in quinoa protoplasts was transient if less than 200 mM NaCl was added, while in pea the Na+ concentration increased even upon addition of 50 mM Na+ and gradually increased with time. Saline conditions during cultivation increased pHcyt of both species. However, with a direct addition of NaCl to control protoplasts only a small increase was seen in pea pHcyt while in quinoa this increase was much larger. The different reactions of pHcyt to salinity when NaCl was added to salinity-treated seedlings may reflect an increased proton pump activity in quinoa, while this activation is lacking in pea. ABA addition to the root xylem parenchyma cells induced a net efflux of K+ and acidification of the xylem. On the other hand, 20 mM NaCl addition induced a net flux of protons in both species, and a net K+ flux in pea, but not in quinoa, probably since such a low concentration is not a stress for quinoa. It is suggested that salinity tolerance in quinoa is achieved by a faster removal of Na+ from the cytosol and a high K+ concentration in roots and shoots under salinity, resulting in a high K+/Na+ ratio, and that this mechanism is driven by a higher proton pump activity, compared with glycophytic pea species.

History

Publication title

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Volume

141

Pagination

154-160

ISSN

0098-8472

Department/School

Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA)

Publisher

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd

Place of publication

The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, England, Ox5 1Gb

Rights statement

Crown Copyright 2017

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Horticultural crops not elsewhere classified

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