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Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-19, 23:50 authored by Langley, JA, Chapman, SK, La Pierre, KJ, Avolio, M, Bowman, WD, Johnson, DS, Isbell, F, Wilcox, KR, Foster, BL, Mark HovendenMark Hovenden, Knapp, AK, Koerner, SE, Lortie, CJ, Megonigal, JP, Newton, PCD, Reich, PB, Smith, MD, Suttle, KB, Tilman, D
The responses of species to environmental changes will determine future community composition and ecosystem function. Many syntheses of global change experiments examine the magnitude of treatment effect sizes, but we lack an understanding of how plant responses to treatments compare to ongoing changes in the unmanipulated (ambient or background) system. We used a database of long‐term global change studies manipulating CO2, nutrients, water, and temperature to answer three questions: (a) How do changes in plant species abundance in ambient plots relate to those in treated plots? (b) How does the magnitude of ambient change in species‐level abundance over time relate to responsiveness to global change treatments? (c) Does the direction of species‐level responses to global change treatments differ from the direction of ambient change? We estimated temporal trends in plant abundance for 791 plant species in ambient and treated plots across 16 long‐term global change experiments yielding 2,116 experiment–species–treatment combinations. Surprisingly, for most species (57%) the magnitude of ambient change was greater than the magnitude of treatment effects. However, the direction of ambient change, whether a species was increasing or decreasing in abundance under ambient conditions, had no bearing on the direction of treatment effects. Although ambient communities are inherently dynamic, there is now widespread evidence that anthropogenic drivers are directionally altering plant communities in many ecosystems. Thus, global change treatment effects must be interpreted in the context of plant species trajectories that are likely driven by ongoing environmental changes.

Funding

Australian Research Council

History

Publication title

Global Change Biology

Volume

24

Issue

12

Pagination

5668-5679

ISSN

1354-1013

Department/School

School of Natural Sciences

Publisher

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Place of publication

9600 Garsington Rd, Oxford, England, Oxon, Ox4 2Dg

Rights statement

Copyright 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Expanding knowledge in the biological sciences; Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences

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