Bulk gene expression deconvolution reveals infiltration of M2 macrophages in retinal neovascularization
Methods: Bulk RNA sequencing was performed with retinal RNA isolated from control and OIR rats. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was undertaken to identify gene sets associated with immune responses in retinal neovascularization. Bulk gene expression deconvolution analysis by CIBERSORTx was performed to identify immune cell types involved in retinal neovascularization, followed by functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein–protein interaction analysis was performed to predict the hub genes relevant to identified immune cell types. CIBERSORTx was applied to profile immune cell types in the macula of patients with both proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema using a public RNA-seq dataset.
Results: Transcriptome analysis by GSEA revealed that the retina of OIR rats and patients with PDR is characterized by increased immunoregulatory interactions and complement cascade. Deconvolution analysis demonstrated that M2 macrophages infiltrate the retinae of OIR rats and patients with PDR. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs in OIR rats showed that the dysregulated genes are related to leukocyte-mediated immunity and myeloid leukocyte activation. Downstream protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that several potential hub genes, including Ccl2, Itgam, and Tlr2, contribute to M2 macrophage infiltration in the ischemic retina.
Conclusions: This study highlights application of the gene expression deconvolution tool to identify immune cell types in inflammatory ocular diseases with transcriptomes, providing a new approach to assess changes in immune cell types in diseased ocular tissues.
Funding
National Health & Medical Research Council
History
Publication title
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual ScienceVolume
62Issue
14Article number
22Number
22Pagination
1-10ISSN
1552-5783Department/School
Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchPublisher
Association for Research in Vision and OphthalmologyPlace of publication
United StatesRights statement
Copyright 2021 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Repository Status
- Open