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Cigarette smokers’ concurrent use of smokeless tobacco: dual use patterns and nicotine exposure

Version 2 2024-09-18, 23:32
Version 1 2023-05-20, 10:58
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-20, 10:58 authored by Felicione, NJ, Ozga-Hess, JE, Stuart FergusonStuart Ferguson, Dino, G, Kuhn, S, Haliwa, I, Blank, MD

Background: The concurrent use of cigarettes with other tobacco products, such as smokeless tobacco (SLT), is increasingly common. Extant work with cigarette smokers who also use SLT is based heavily on retrospective reports and between-group comparisons. The purpose of this study was to assess prospectively the patterns of dual users’ product use and nicotine exposure on days when cigarettes were smoked exclusively (single use) versus concurrently with SLT (dual use).

Design: Forty-six dual cigarette-SLT users recorded their product use in real time via ecological momentary assessment for a 2-week longitudinal design. They responded to questions about situational factors (eg, location, mood) using this same diary, and collected saliva samples each night for later cotinine measurement. At the end of this 2-week period, users reported on their reasons for and beliefs about SLT use.

Results: levels were significantly higher on dual versus single use days (mean±SEM=374.48±41.08 ng/ mL vs 300.17±28.13 ng/mL, respectively; p<0.01), and the number of cigarettes logged was higher on dual versus single use days (11.13±0.98 vs 9.13±1.11, respectively; p<0.01). Product use was distinguished by situational factors, with the strongest predictor being location of use. Moreover, the most common reason for initiating (56.52%) and continuing (67.39%) SLT use was to circumvent indoor smoking restrictions.

Conclusions: Results support the idea of product supplementation rather than replacement among this convenience sample of dual users. For smokers whose primary motivation for SLT use involves situations where they would otherwise be tobacco free, the potential benefits of clean indoor air laws may be diminished.

Funding

National Institutes of Health

History

Publication title

Tobacco Control

Volume

30

Pagination

24-29

ISSN

0964-4563

Department/School

Tasmanian School of Medicine

Publisher

B M J Publishing Group

Place of publication

British Med Assoc House, Tavistock Square, London, England, Wc1H 9Jr

Rights statement

Copyright 2020 The Authors

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Public health (excl. specific population health) not elsewhere classified

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