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Coexisting high- and low-calcium melts identified by mineral and melt inclusion studies of a subduction-influenced syn-collisional magma from South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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posted on 2023-05-25, 23:45 authored by Elburg, MA, Vadim Kamenetsky, Nikogosian, I, Foden, JD, Sobolev, AV
Mineral and melt inclusions in olivines from the most Mg-rich magma from the southern West Sulawesi Volcanic Province indicate that two distinct melts contributed to its petrogenesis. The contribution that dominates the whole-rock composition comes from a liquid with high CaO (up to 16 wt %) and low Al2O3 contents (CaO/Al2O3 up to 1), in equilibrium with spinel, olivine (Fo85-91; CaO 0.35-0.5 wt %; NiO 0.2-0.30 wt %) and clinopyroxene. The other component is richer in SiO2 (>50 wt %) and Al2O3 (19-21 wt %), but contains significantly less CaO (<4 wt %); it is in equilibrium with Cr-rich spinel with a low TiO2 content, olivine with low CaO and high NiO content (Fo90-94; CaO 0.05-0.20 wt %; NiO 0.35-0.5 wt %), and orthopyroxene. Both the high- and low-CaO melts are potassium-rich (>3 wt % K2O). The high-CaO melt has a normalized trace element pattern that is typical for subduction-related volcanic rocks, with negative Ta-Nb and Ti anomalies, positive K, Pb and Sr anomalies, and a relatively flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) pattern. The low-CaO melt shows Y and HREE depletion (Gdn/Ybn 41), but its trace element pattern resembles that of the whole-rock and high-CaO melt in other respects, suggesting only small distinctions in source areas between the two components. We propose that the depth of melting and the dominance of H2O- or CO2-bearing fluids were the main controls on generating these contrasting magmas in a syn-collisional environment. The composition of the low-CaO magma does not have any obvious rock equivalent, and it is possible that this type of magma does not easily reach the Earth's surface without the assistance of a water-poor carrier magma.

History

Publication title

Journal of Petrology

Volume

47

Article number

12

Number

12

Pagination

2433-2462

ISSN

0022-3530

Publication status

  • Published

Rights statement

http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/47/12/2433?etoc

Repository Status

  • Open

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