Combating ecosystem collapse from the tropics to the Antarctic

<p>Globally, collapse of ecosystems - potentially irreversible change to ecosystem structure, composition and function - imperils biodiversity, human health and well-being. We examine the current state and recent trajectories of 19 ecosystems, spanning 58° of latitude across 7.7 M km², from Australia's coral reefs to terrestrial Antarctica. Pressures from global climate change and regional human impacts, occurring as chronic ‘presses’ and/or acute ‘pulses’, drive ecosystem collapse. Ecosystem responses to 5–17 pressures were categorised as four collapse profiles - abrupt, smooth, stepped and fluctuating. The manifestation of widespread ecosystem collapse is a stark warning of the necessity to take action. We present a three-step assessment and management framework (3As Pathway <i>Awareness</i>, <i>Anticipation</i> and <i>Action</i>) to aid strategic and effective mitigation to alleviate further degradation to help secure our future.</p>