posted on 2023-05-20, 10:55authored byObura, DO, Aeby, G, Amornthammarong, N, Appeltans, W, Bax, N, Bishop, J, Brainard, RE, Chan, S, Fletcher, P, Gordon, TAC, Gramer, L, Gudka, M, Halas, J, Hendee, J, Hodgson, G, Huang, D, Jankulak, M, A Jones, Kimura, T, Levy, J, Miloslavich, P, Chou, LM, Muller-Karger, F, Osuka, K, Samoilys, M, Simpson, SD, Tun, K, Wongbusarakum, S
Coral reefs are exceptionally biodiverse and human dependence on their ecosystem services is high. Reefs experience significant direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures, and provide a sensitive indicator of coastal ocean health, climate change, and ocean acidification, with associated implications for society. Monitoring coral reef status and trends is essential to better inform science, management and policy, but the projected collapse of reef systems within a few decades makes the provision of accurate and actionable monitoring data urgent. The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network has been the foundation for global reporting on coral reefs for two decades, and is entering into a new phase with improved operational and data standards incorporating the Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) (www.goosocean.org/eov) and Framework for Ocean Observing developed by the Global Ocean Observing System. Three EOVs provide a robust description of reef health: hard coral cover and composition, macro-algal canopy cover, and fish diversity and abundance. A data quality model based on comprehensive metadata has been designed to facilitate maximum global coverage of coral reef data, and tangible steps to track capacity building. Improved monitoring of events such as mass bleaching and disease outbreaks, citizen science, and socio-economic monitoring have the potential to greatly improve the relevance of monitoring to managers and stakeholders, and to address the complex and multi-dimensional interactions between reefs and people. A new generation of autonomous vehicles (underwater, surface, and aerial) and satellites are set to revolutionize and vastly expand our understanding of coral reefs. Promising approaches include Structure from Motion image processing, and acoustic techniques. Across all systems, curation of data in linked and open online databases, with an open data culture to maximize benefits from data integration, and empowering users to take action, are priorities. Action in the next decade will be essential to mitigate the impacts on coral reefs from warming temperatures, through local management and informing national and international obligations, particularly in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals, climate action, and the role of coral reefs as a global indicator. Mobilizing data to help drive the needed behavior change is a top priority for coral reef observing systems.
History
Publication title
Frontiers in Marine Science
Volume
6
Issue
SEP
Article number
580
Number
580
Pagination
1-21
ISSN
2296-7745
Department/School
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies
Publisher
Frontiers Research Foundation
Place of publication
Switzerland
Rights statement
Copyright 2019 Obura, Aeby, Amornthammarong, Appeltans, Bax, Bishop, Brainard, Chan, Fletcher, Gordon, Gramer, Gudka,Halas, Hendee, Hodgson, Huang, Jankulak, Jones, Kimura, Levy, Miloslavich, Chou, Muller-Karger, Osuka, Samoilys, Simpson, Tun and Wongbusarakum. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/