Core self-evaluation as a predictor of strength training adoption in older adults

Objective Progressive resistance training (PRT) counteracts sarcopenia and has been demonstrated to improve physical function and quality of life in older adults. Despite the clear benefits of PRT, participation remains low. The core self-evaluation (CSE) construct is theoretically antecedent to four personality traits: locus of control, self-esteem, neuroticism (emotional stability), and generalized self-efficacy. We have examined the association of CSE with exercise adoption among older adults invited to participate in a PRT trial. We hypothesized that CSE would positively predict adoption of PRT.

Study design All residents of two retirement communities were invited to complete questionnaires with items on demographics, physical activity, CSE, and general health. Following completion of questionnaires, residents were invited to take part in an on-site, 10-week randomized controlled trial of a PRT-based exercise trial.

Results Thirty-eight of 358 residents (63.2% women; 76.6 ± 6.1 year; range 58–92) enrolled and 118 residents completed the questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis predicting PRT adoption indicated that the demographic variables accounted for 38% of the variance. Inclusion of CSE (β = .405) accounted for an additional 10% of the variance in PRT adoption.

Conclusion CSE was predictive of PRT adoption in this cohort, adding significantly to the predictive efficacy of known demographic predictors. This is the first study to show that CSE may influence adoption of PRT in any cohort.