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Cytokines: Signalling improved immunotherapy?

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-20, 20:58 authored by Alana De Luca, Alan Lyons, Andrew FliesAndrew Flies

Purpose of review: Immune checkpoint immunotherapies (ICI) are now approved for over 20 types of cancer and there are almost 6000 ongoing clinical trials investigating immuno-modulators as cancer therapies. This review investigated the effect of monoclonal antibody based immune checkpoint immunotherapies when combined with cytokine therapy. We reviewed published clinical trial results from 2005 to 2020 for studies that used approved monoclonal antibody ICI in combination with the with the cytokines. Studies that met the search criteria were assessed for treatment efficacy and immunological changes associated with treatment.

Recent Finding: ICI often fails to result in improved clinical outcomes for patients and lasting protection from cancer recurrence. The use of pro-inflammatory cytokines alongside ICI has been shown to enhance the efficacy of these therapies in vitro and in animal studies. However, the results in human clinical trials are less clear and many clinical trials for not publish results at the end of the trial.

Summary: A deeper understanding of the molecular interactions between cytokines, tumors, and immune cells is needed to improve overall ICI outcomes and design combination trials. Critical examination of the design and characteristics of previous clinical trials can provide insight into the lack of effective clinical translation for many immunotherapeutic drugs.

History

Publication title

Current Oncology Reports

Volume

23

Article number

103

Number

103

Pagination

1-7

ISSN

1534-6269

Department/School

Tasmanian School of Medicine

Publisher

Springer Healthcare

Place of publication

United States

Rights statement

Copyright The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Efficacy of medications; Treatment of human diseases and conditions; Expanding knowledge in the biomedical and clinical sciences