Dean vortices in finite-aspect-ratio ducts

We consider the development of Dean vortices in a curved channel of finite aspect ratio. Solutions to the axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations are obtained through a finite-element analysis, allowing us to explore the complex and rich bifurcation pattern of the flow as the aspect ratio and Dean number vary. We demonstrate a new class of finite-amplitude vortices and discuss their relationship to similar structures seen in finite-length Taylor–Couette flow.