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Enhanced sidereal diurnal variation of galactic cosmic rays observed by the two-hemisphere network of surface level muon telescopes

Version 2 2024-09-17, 02:08
Version 1 2023-05-16, 11:36
journal contribution
posted on 2024-09-17, 02:08 authored by K Munakata, T Kitawada, S Yasue, S Mori, C Kato, M Koyama, S Akahane, DL Hall, Z Fujii, K Fujimoto, JE Humble, AG Fenton, KB Fenton, Marcus DuldigMarcus Duldig
Significant enhancements of the cosmic ray sidereal diurnal variation were observed during the period 1992-1995 by the two-hemisphere network of surface-level multidirectional muon telescopes at Hobart (Tasmania, Australia) and Nagoya (Aichi, Japan). The telescopes cover the primary cosmic ray rigidity range of 50-120 GV. Since the enhancement is less prominent in the higher rigidity range (150-550 GV) covered by the shallow underground observations at Misato and Sakashita, it is concluded that the enhancement was caused by significant solar modulation in the lower energy region. Observed sidereal diurnal variations, corrected for spurious variations by a procedure proposed by Nagashima, give a space harmonic vector with amplitude of 0.104 ± 0.008% at 60 GV and maximum at 6.9 ± 0.3 hour local sidereal time. The time of maximum is consistent with northward streaming of cosmic rays perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. Such a north-south anisotropy is expected from cross-field ξNS = -λ⊥ Gθ diffusion if both the cross-field mean-free-path λ⊥ and the southward directed unidirectional latitudinal density gradient Gθ have large enough magnitudes. It is shown that the sector-dependent solar diurnal variations are also enhanced in the period, consistent with Gθ being directed south of the ecliptic plane. Magnitudes of Gθ and λ⊥ derived from the observations are discussed. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.

History

Publication title

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volume

104

Issue

A2

Pagination

2511-2519

ISSN

0148-0227

Department/School

Physics

Publisher

American Geophysical Union

Publication status

  • Published

Place of publication

Washington DC

Socio-economic Objectives

280120 Expanding knowledge in the physical sciences

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