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Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a review with a focus on molecular mechanisms
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-22, 23:41 authored by O'Gorman, C, Lucas, R, Bruce TaylorBruce TaylorMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling disease of the central nervous system commonly affecting young adults. Pathologically, there are patches of inflammation (plaques) with demyelination of axons and oligodendrocyte loss. There is a global latitude gradient in MS prevalence, and incidence of MS is increasing (particularly in females). These changes suggest a major role for environmental factors in causation of disease. We have reviewed the evidence and potential mechanisms of action for three exposures: vitamin D, Epstein Barr virus and cigarette smoking. Recent advances supporting gene-environment interactions are reviewed. Further research is needed to establish mechanisms of causality in humans and to explore preventative strategies.
History
Publication title
International Journal of Molecular SciencesVolume
13Issue
9Pagination
11718-11752ISSN
1422-0067Department/School
Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchPublisher
Molecular Diversity Preservation InternationalPlace of publication
Matthaeusstrasse 11, Basel, Switzerland, Ch-4057Repository Status
- Restricted