Examination of a metallic anchor tie in a water channel of white marble (Medinat at Zahira, Córdoba, Xth century a.d

The manufacturing process was reconstructed for an anchor tie from the period of the Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. For this purpose, a water channel made of marble was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The craftsmen of this period were successful in manufacturing an anchor tie of a remarkable strength, a piece of sheet metal grouted in a sand-and lead mixture in this case, by means of a rudimentary technology