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Gradual aeration at birth is more lung protective than a sustained inflation in preterm lambs

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posted on 2023-05-20, 05:38 authored by Tingay, DG, Pereira-Fantini, PM, Oakley, R, McCall, KE, Perkins, EJ, Miedema, M, Sourial, M, Thomson, J, Waldmann, A, Dellaca, RL, Davis, PG, Peter DargavillePeter Dargaville

Rationale: The preterm lung is susceptible to injury during transition to air breathing at birth. It remains unclear whether rapid or gradual lung aeration at birth causes less lung injury.

Objectives: To examine the effect of gradual and rapid aeration at birth on: 1) the spatiotemporal volume conditions of the lung; and 2) resultant regional lung injury.

Methods: Preterm lambs (125 ± 1 d gestation) were randomized at birth to receive: 1) tidal ventilation without an intentional recruitment (no-recruitment maneuver [No-RM]; n = 19); 2) sustained inflation (SI) until full aeration (n = 26); or 3) tidal ventilation with an initial escalating/de-escalating (dynamic) positive end-expiratory pressure (DynPEEP; n = 26). Ventilation thereafter continued for 90 minutes at standardized settings, including PEEP of 8 cm H2O. Lung mechanics and regional aeration and ventilation (electrical impedance tomography) were measured throughout and correlated with histological and gene markers of early lung injury.

Measurements and Main Results: DynPEEP significantly improved dynamic compliance (P < 0.0001). An SI, but not DynPEEP or No-RM, resulted in preferential nondependent lung aeration that became less uniform with time (P = 0.0006). The nondependent lung was preferential ventilated by 5 minutes in all groups, with ventilation only becoming uniform with time in the No-RM and DynPEEP groups. All strategies generated similar nondependent lung injury patterns. Only an SI caused greater upregulation of dependent lung gene markers compared with unventilated fetal controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Rapidly aerating the preterm lung at birth creates heterogeneous volume states, producing distinct regional injury patterns that affect subsequent tidal ventilation. Gradual aeration with tidal ventilation and PEEP produced the least lung injury.

History

Publication title

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Volume

200

Issue

5

Pagination

608-616

ISSN

1073-449X

Department/School

Menzies Institute for Medical Research

Publisher

Amer Thoracic Soc

Place of publication

1740 Broadway, New York, USA, Ny, 10019-4374

Rights statement

Copyright © 2019 by the American Thoracic Society

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Clinical health not elsewhere classified

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