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In situ ocean observations: a brief history, present status, and future directions
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-19, 08:25 authored by Gould, J, Bernadette SloyanBernadette Sloyan, Visbeck, MObservations at and below the surface of the oceans are essential for understanding the ocean system and the role played by the ocean in earth's climate, for documenting changes and for initializing, validating, and improving ocean models. It is only since the late twentieth century that, thanks to advances in microelectronics, battery technology, and satellite communication, in situ observations (together with satellite observations) have reached a volume and spatial distribution that allow us to track a wide range of global and regional phenomena. This review traces the development of in situ ocean observations primarily from a physical standpoint and describes the internationally coordinated observing networks that now supply these observations. It considers the enormous changes that have occurred in the volume and distribution of these observations and the implication of these changes for defining the evolving state of the global ocean. Finally, there is discussion of the prospects for further improving sustained ocean observations and for the delivery of integrated information from interrelated observing networks.
History
Publication title
International GeophysicsVolume
103Pagination
59-81ISSN
0074-6142Department/School
Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesPublisher
Copernicus GmbHPlace of publication
GermanyRights statement
Copyright 2013 ElsevierRepository Status
- Restricted