Mangrove ecosystem-based adaptation: advice on improved success

Island nations such as Kiribati, Tuvalu and the Maldives have many villages located alongside beaches, where shoreline erosion is prevalent (Nunn et al., 2014), and tidal inundation an increasing concern (Donner and Webber, 2014). Beach erosion and its impacts on Pacific island coastal communities has been widely documented (Forbes and Hosoi, 1995; Gillie, 1997; Nunn and Mimura, 1997; Mimura and Nunn, 1998; Duvat, 2013; Duvat et al., 2013). Such erosion is aggravated and accelerated by human activities, particularly where atolls have been modified by causeways and other infrastructure works (Duvat, 2018), that alter sediment transport, degrade sediment supplies and cause loss of stabilizing coastal vegetation.