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Profiling branchial bacteria of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) following exposure to antimicrobial agents

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journal contribution
posted on 2024-11-21, 00:57 authored by J Slinger, JW Wynne, Mark AdamsMark Adams

Microbial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of such therapeutics upon reduction and recolonization of commensal or pathogenic microbiota post-treatment has received little attention to date. Commensal bacteria are an integral component of the barrier function of mucosal surfaces in animals. This study evaluated the effect of several commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments upon the diversity and composition of branchial bacteria of Atlantic salmon. Here we exposed Atlantic salmon smolt to a number of commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments including chemotherapeutants (chloramine-t and hydrogen peroxide) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and florfenicol) in vivo. Subsequently we examined the change in bacterial load, 16S rRNA gene expression, and taxonomic diversity post-treatment upon the gills. Results revealed a decrease in cultivable bacterial colonies after antimicrobial treatment, and a downstream decrease in bacterial richness and abundance post-treatment, with colonization of several prominent pathogenic taxa including Vibrio and Tenacibaculum. Temporal tracing over a 14-day period demonstrated that the bacteriome of gill mucus is sensitive to change, and altered by antimicrobial treatment and handling. This study identified candidate antimicrobial treatments which could be implemented in future studies to illustrate the effect of dysbiosis on microbial gill diseases.

History

Publication title

Frontiers in Animal Science

Volume

2

Article number

756101

Number

756101

Pagination

1-14

ISSN

2673-6225

Department/School

Fisheries and Aquaculture, IMAS Directorate

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Publication status

  • Published

Place of publication

Switzerland

Rights statement

Copyright 2021 Slinger, Wynne and Adams. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Socio-economic Objectives

100202 Aquaculture fin fish (excl. tuna)

UN Sustainable Development Goals

14 Life Below Water

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