Prognostic Implications of LV Strain Risk Score in Asymptomatic Patients With Hypertensive Heart Disease

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the associations of left ventricular (LV) strain and its serial change with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in hypertensive heart disease, independent of and incremental to clinical and LV geometric parameters.

BACKGROUND: In patients with hypertensive heart disease, MACE are associated with abnormal LV morphology, but their association with subclinical LV dysfunction is unclear.

METHODS: We retrospectively studied 388 asymptomatic nonischemic patients with hypertension who had abnormal LV geometry at a baseline echocardiogram between 2005 and 2014. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured using speckle tracking. Patients were followed for MACE (death and admission because of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and strokes) over median of 4 years. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of parameters with MACE.

RESULTS: MACE (n = 72; 19%) were associated with higher prevalence of concentric hypertrophy and impaired GLS (both, p < 0.01). The association of GLS with MACE was independent of and incremental to clinical parameters and concentric hypertrophy. Echocardiographic follow-up was performed in 55 patients (median duration, 3 years); deterioration in GLS was also associated with the 10 patients experiencing MACE after the second echo. A risk score was developed using age >70, atrial fibrillation, concentric hypertrophy, and baseline GLS >-16% from the derivation cohort (C statistic, 0.71), and a separate validation cohort showed it to have good discrimination for MACE (C statistic, 0.71).

CONCLUSIONS: GLS and its deterioration are associated with MACE in asymptomatic hypertensive heart disease. A risk score incorporating strain was useful for predicting risk of MACE.