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Projected marine heatwaves in the 21st century and the potential for ecological impact

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posted on 2023-05-20, 09:36 authored by Oliver, ECJ, Burrows, MT, Donat, MG, Sen Gupta, A, Alexander, LV, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, SE, Benthuysen, JA, Hobday, AJ, Neil HolbrookNeil Holbrook, Moore, PJ, Thomsen, MS, Wernberg, T, Smale, DA
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme climatic events in oceanic systems that can have devastating impacts on ecosystems, causing abrupt ecological changes and socioeconomic consequences. Several prominent MHWs have attracted scientific and public interest, and recent assessments have documented global and regional increases in their frequency. However, for proactive marine management, it is critical to understand how patterns might change in the future. Here, we estimate future changes in MHWs to the end of the 21st century, as simulated by the CMIP5 global climate model projections. Significant increases in MHW intensity and count of annual MHW days are projected to accelerate, with many parts of the ocean reaching a near-permanent MHW state by the late 21st century. The two greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios considered (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5) strongly affect the projected intensity of MHW events, the proportion of the globe exposed to permanent MHW states, and the occurrence of the most extreme MHW events. Comparison with simulations of a natural world, without anthropogenic forcing, indicate that these trends have emerged from the expected range of natural variability within the first half of the 21st century. This discrepancy implies a degree of “anthropogenic emergence,” with a departure from the natural MHW conditions that have previously shaped marine ecosystems for centuries or even millennia. Based on these projections we expect impacts on marine ecosystems to be widespread, significant and persistent through the 21st century.

History

Publication title

Frontiers in Marine Science

Volume

6

Issue

December

Article number

734

Number

734

Pagination

1-12

ISSN

2296-7745

Department/School

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies

Publisher

Frontiers Research Foundation

Place of publication

Switzerland

Rights statement

Copyright © 2019 Oliver, Burrows, Donat, Sen Gupta, Alexander, PerkinsKirkpatrick, Benthuysen, Hobday, Holbrook, Moore, Thomsen, Wernberg and Smale. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Repository Status

  • Open

Socio-economic Objectives

Climate variability (excl. social impacts)

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