Response inhibition in humans: a whistle stop review

This Neuro Forum presents insights from recent literature on the neurophysiology and pathoneurophysiology of reactive (speed of action stopping) and proactive (slowing of action in anticipation of stopping) response inhibition. We discuss recent studies using novel brain stimulation and spectroscopy techniques that reveal the role of cortico-subcortical networks and the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and how these mechanisms are influenced by healthy aging. Furthermore, we also briefly discuss computational modeling approaches, which assist in establishing meaningful differences in response inhibition.