Objective: To review investigations into an association between brain changes and chronic pain; to synthesize the findings in the hope of generating interest among psychiatrists and casting some light on the road ahead. Conclusions: There is good evidence that chronic pain is associated with changes in brain function. It is possible that these brain changes compound chronic pain and future agents may be able to prevent such complications. Psychiatrists have knowledge of the brain and brain active medication, and are well placed to contribute to the field of pain medicine.