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The Glass Ceiling Hypothesis - A Comparative Study of the United States, Sweden, and Australia

Version 2 2024-10-28, 04:07
Version 1 2023-05-16, 12:17
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-16, 12:17 authored by Baxter, JH, Wright, EO
The general-case glass ceiling hypothesis states that not only is it more difficult for women than for men to be promoted up levels of authority hierarchies within workplaces but also that the obstacles women face relative to men become greater as they move up the hierarchy. Gender-based discrimination in promotions is not simply present across levels of hierarchy but is more intense at higher levels. Empirically, this implies that the relative rates of women being promoted to higher levels compared to men should decline with the level of the hierarchy. This article explores this hypothesis with data from three countries: the United States, Australia, and Sweden. The basic conclusion is that while there is strong evidence for a general gender gap in authority - the odds of women having authority are less than those of men - there is no evidence for systematic glass ceiling effects in the United States and only weak evidence for such effects in the other two countries.

History

Publication title

Gender and Society

Volume

14

Pagination

275-294

ISSN

0891-2432

Department/School

School of Social Sciences

Publisher

Sage Publications Inc

Place of publication

Thousand Oaks, CA

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Employment patterns and change

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