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The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 - part 2: two interglacials, scientific objective and experimental design for Holocene and Last Interglacial simulations

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journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-19, 13:36 authored by Otto-Bliesner, BL, Braconnot, P, Harrison, SP, Lunt, DJ, Abe-Ouchi, A, Albani, S, Bartlein, PJ, Capron, E, Carlson, AE, Dutton, A, Fischer, H, Goelzer, H, Govin, A, Haywood, A, Joos, F, Legrande, AN, Lipscomb, WH, Lohmann, G, Mahowald, N, Nehrbass-Ahles, C, Pausata, FSR, Peterschmitt, JY, Phipps, SJ, Renssen, H, Zhang, Q
Two interglacial epochs are included in the suite of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The experimental protocols for simulations of the mid-Holocene (midHolocene, 6000 years before present) and the Last Interglacial (lig127k, 127 000 years before present) are described here. These equilibrium simulations are designed to examine the impact of changes in orbital forcing at times when atmospheric greenhouse gas levels were similar to those of the preindustrial period and the continental configurations were almost identical to modern ones. These simulations test our understanding of the interplay between radiative forcing and atmospheric circulation, and the connections among large-scale and regional climate changes giving rise to phenomena such as land–sea contrast and high-latitude amplification in temperature changes, and responses of the monsoons, as compared to today. They also provide an opportunity, through carefully designed additional sensitivity experiments, to quantify the strength of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land-surface feedbacks. Sensitivity experiments are proposed to investigate the role of freshwater forcing in triggering abrupt climate changes within interglacial epochs. These feedback experiments naturally lead to a focus on climate evolution during interglacial periods, which will be examined through transient experiments. Analyses of the sensitivity simulations will also focus on interactions between extratropical and tropical circulation, and the relationship between changes in mean climate state and climate variability on annual to multi-decadal timescales. The comparative abundance of paleoenvironmental data and of quantitative climate reconstructions for the Holocene and Last Interglacial make these two epochs ideal candidates for systematic evaluation of model performance, and such comparisons will shed new light on the importance of external feedbacks (e.g., vegetation, dust) and the ability of state-of-the-art models to simulate climate changes realistically.

History

Publication title

Geoscientific Model Development

Volume

10

Issue

11

Pagination

3979-4003

ISSN

1991-959X

Department/School

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies

Publisher

Copernicus GmbH

Place of publication

Germany

Rights statement

© Author(s) 2017. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Repository Status

  • Open

Socio-economic Objectives

Climate change models

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