The cardiovascular effects of exposure to particulate matter from bushfire smoke in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease

Particulate matter in bushfire smoke is linked to increased cardiovascular events, among other effects. It has been postulated that fine particulates may translocate into the bloodstream, causing inflammatory responses. Smoke particles can carry long distances and are linked to increased mortality and long-term health impacts. Given these risks, nurses caring for cardiovascular patients should be aware of the relationship between poor air quality and the increase in cardiac events in patients with existing cardiovascular disease. The seasons in which fires occur across the world are starting earlier, finishing later and are of increasing intensity, thus cardiac nurses need to understand and prepare for the subclinical effects. Adapted, preventative strategies, including health education and awareness of risk to vulnerable populations, will optimise cardiovascular nursing care outcomes for patients with cardiovascular and other chronic health problems.