The impact of ‘cluster maintenance TMS’ on irritability occurring in major depressive disorder

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the impact of clustered maintenance transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on irritability occurring in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD).</p> <p><strong>Method:</strong> A naturalistic study of 106 courses that includes pre- and posttreatment assessments of subjective and objective depression and a subjective measure of irritability developed for this study.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Forty-six participants (35 females), mean age 43.2 years (14.3), completed 106 courses. There was a significant reduction in irritability and depression scores (p < .001). The change in irritability scores was significantly correlated with the change in depression scores, r = .40, p < .001.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> TMS has the capacity to reduce the irritability co-occurring with treatment-resistant MDD, known to be responsive to TMS. This increases the possibility of using TMS in the treatment of irritability co-occurring with other disorders or standing alone (should irritability be categorized as a stand-alone disorder).</p>