Intermediate filaments are critical for the extreme structural specialisations of neurons, providing integrity in dynamic environments and efficient communication along axons a metre or more in length. As neurons mature, an initial expression of nestin and vimentin gives way to the neurofilament triplet proteins and α-internexin, substituted by peripherin in axons outside the CNS, which physically consolidate axons as they elongate and find their targets. Once connection is established, these proteins are transported, assembled, stabilised and modified, structurally transforming axons and dendrites as they acquire their full function. The interaction between these neurons and myelinating glial cells optimises the structure of axons for peak functional efficiency, a property retained across their lifespan. This finely calibrated structural regulation allows the nervous system to maintain timing precision and efficient control across large distances throughout somatic growth and, in maturity, as a plasticity mechanism allowing functional adaptation.
Funding
Brain Foundation
History
Publication title
Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
Volume
84
Pagination
68-76
ISSN
1044-7431
Department/School
Wicking Dementia Research Education Centre
Publisher
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science
Place of publication
525 B St, Ste 1900, San Diego, USA, Ca, 92101-4495