The toll and Imd pathways are not required for wolbachia-mediated dengue virus interference

<i>Wolbachia</i> blocks dengue virus replication in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as well as in <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. Using the <i>Drosophila</i> model and mutations in the Toll and Imd pathways, we showed that neither pathway is required for expression of the dengue virusblocking phenotype in the Drosophila host. This provides additional evidence that the mechanistic basis of <i>Wolbachia</i>-mediated dengue virus blocking in insects is more complex than simple priming of the host insect innate immune system.