Using avian functional traits to assess the impact of land-cover change on ecosystem processes linked to resilience in tropical forests
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-19, 06:24authored byBregman, TP, Lees, AC, MacGregor, HEA, Darski, B, de Moura, NG, Aleixo, A, Barlow, J, Tobias, JA
Vertebrates perform key roles in ecosystem processes via trophic interactions with plants and insects, but the response of these interactions to environmental change is difficult to quantify in complex systems, such as tropical forests. Here, we use the functional trait structure of Amazonian forest bird assemblages to explore the impacts of land-cover change on two ecosystem processes: seed dispersal and insect predation. We show that trait structure in assemblages of frugivorous and insectivorous birds remained stable after primary forests were subjected to logging and fire events, but that further intensification of human land use substantially reduced the functional diversity and dispersion of traits, and resulted in communities that occupied a different region of trait space. These effects were only partially reversed in regenerating secondary forests. Our findings suggest that local extinctions caused by the loss and degradation of tropical forest are non-random with respect to functional traits, thus disrupting the network of trophic interactions regulating seed dispersal by forest birds and herbivory by insects, with important implications for the structure and resilience of human-modified tropical forests. Furthermore, our results illustrate how quantitative functional traits for specific guilds can provide a range of metrics for estimating the contribution of biodiversity to ecosystem processes, and the response of such processes to land-cover change.
History
Publication title
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Volume
283
Issue
1844
Article number
20161289
Number
20161289
Pagination
1-10
ISSN
0962-8452
Department/School
School of Natural Sciences
Publisher
Royal Society London
Place of publication
6 Carlton House Terrace, London, England, Sw1Y 5Ag