Our research supports the findings of others in the field that highlight the key role of the fundamental elements of contract law in MTAs. MTAs are frequently entered into to provide clarity in terms of the parties’ expectations. Equally important, they provide a written record of the provenance of the materials. Further, in the case of infectious diseases and hazardous materials, they will assist in setting out parties’ expectations about liability and who is responsible for particular risks that may arise during the course of using the material.